Belarus 1 (Беларусь 1) is the oldest and leading state television channel in Belarus, operated by the national broadcaster Belteleradiocompany. First launched on January 1, 1956, as part of the Soviet Central Television network, it has undergone several name changes before adopting its current brand in 2011. Today, it serves as the primary channel in the country’s mandatory terrestrial TV package.
The channel focuses heavily on news, current affairs, and political analysis, featuring flagship programs like the evening "Panorama" and Sunday’s "The Main Broadcast." Alongside news, it broadcasts a wide range of movies, entertainment shows, documentaries, and major sports events. Notably, unlike many European public broadcasters that run 24/7, Belarus 1 operates roughly from 6:00 AM to 2:00 AM the next day.
With nationwide coverage and an estimated monthly audience of nearly 5 million, Belarus 1 plays a key role in shaping public opinion and delivering official government messages. However, it faces significant criticism from international observers and opposition groups, who describe it as a major propaganda tool for President Alexander Lukashenko. Accusations include spreading misinformation, justifying political repression, and promoting a pro-Russian agenda. Several senior executives from the parent company have been sanctioned by the EU and US over human rights violations linked to the channel's activities.
The channel primarily targets the general public, especially middle-aged and older viewers accustomed to traditional TV, as well as those with limited access to independent media sources. Besides terrestrial and satellite broadcasting (via Belintersat-1), Belarus 1 is available online through its official website and YouTube channel, which offer live streams and on-demand content including news highlights and entertainment shows.